Why is it important to ask about over-the-counter and herbal medications?

Asking about over-the-counter and herbal medications is crucial because these substances can interact with prescribed medications in significant ways, potentially impacting both their efficacy and safety. Many patients may not consider herbal products or over-the-counter medications to be 'real' drugs, but these substances can influence how a patient metabolizes prescribed medications, leading to increased side effects, inadequate therapeutic effects, or even toxicities.

For instance, certain herbal supplements, like St. John's Wort, can induce liver enzymes that metabolize prescription drugs, reducing their effectiveness. Conversely, some over-the-counter medications can enhance the effects of prescribed drugs, leading to adverse reactions. By understanding a patient's complete medication profile—including all types of medications they take—healthcare providers can make informed decisions to optimize treatment plans, prevent harmful interactions, and ensure patient safety.