Which side effect is commonly associated with long-term use of corticosteroids?

Long-term use of corticosteroids is commonly associated with osteoporosis due to their effects on calcium metabolism and bone density. Corticosteroids can inhibit the formation of new bone and enhance bone resorption, leading to a decrease in bone mineral density over time. This can result in an increased risk of fractures and other complications related to weakened bones.

While other options, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and skin rash, can occur with corticosteroid use, they are less typically associated with prolonged use compared to the well-documented impact on bone health. Increased muscle mass is generally not a side effect linked to corticosteroids; rather, patients may experience muscle weakness or loss of lean muscle mass due to the catabolic effects of these drugs. Thus, the risk of osteoporosis stands out as a significant concern for patients undergoing long-term corticosteroid therapy.